Use of Modifier
9. Nelson Mandela (a) ---- (use an appositive to post-modify noun) guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a (b)---- (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) democracy, as (c) ---- (use determiner as pre-modifier) icon of peace and reconciliation, who came to embody justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly (d) ---- (use a quantifier) decades for his fight against white supremacy rule, Mandela (e) ---- (pre-modify the verb) lost his resolve to fight for his (f) ---- (possessive as pre-modifier) emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a (g) ----- (use adjective as pre-modifier) war. His prestige and charisma helped him (h) ---- (use bare infinitive) the support of the world. “I hate (i) ---- (modify the noun) discrimination (j) ----- (use an intensifier) intensely and in all its manifestations.” declared Mandela.
আরো পড়ুন : Use of Modifier-এর ৩টি Exercise, ৩য় পর্ব
10. The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) -----(post-modify the verb) at the reaction of the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b)----(pre-modify the noun) collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971 There is a demand for apology from (c) ----(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its army during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan's National Assembly may be within its rights (d)-----(use an infinitive phrase to post modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators. But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e) -----(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us. Pakistan. (f)------- (post modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As a result the country has become (g)----(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So Pakistan is going down (h) ---- (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Jinnah was physically (i) ---- (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so the state always tried to show its physical strength since (j)---(use a possessive to pre- modify the noun) birth.
11. Amerigo, (a)----(post-modify the noun with an appositive), lives alone. His mother who is separated from (b)----(pre-modify the noun with a possessive adjective) father does not want him. She told him (c)----(pre-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). (d)----(pre-modify the verb with an adverb) she is married to another man. His father lives (e)----(pre-modify the adverb with an intensifier) away. He wants to go (f)----(post-modify the verb with a prepositional phrase) but he does not agree. He begged him (g)----(post-modify the verb with an infinitive verb) him some money. His father has kept him (h)----(post-modify the pronoun with a present participle) without answering. (i)----(pre-modify the verb with an adverb) streets are his home. He collects and sells trash (j)----(post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase).
Answer: 9. a. the first black president of South Africa, b. multi-racial, c. an, d. three, e. never, f. people’s, g. civil, h. win, i. race, j. most.
10. a. strongly, b. notorious, c. Pakistani, d. to protest, e. its, f. a South Asian country, g. very, h. gradually, i. very, j. its.
11. a. a street child, b. his, c. to go away, d. Now, e. far, f. to his father, g. to send, h. waiting, i. Now, j. to collect money.
লেখক : সহযোগী অধ্যাপক, ইংরেজি বিভাগ
আদমজী ক্যান্টনমেন্ট কলেজ, ঢাকা
কবীর
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